RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES
Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)
2- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways
3- Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways
4- Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways
5- Lower respiratory tract infections
6- Preventing respiratory tract infections
7- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
8- Central Sleep Apnea, Alveolar Hypoventilation, and Hypoxemia
The prevention of respiratory infections in patients with trisomy 21 to reduce their morbidity and mortality is a priority!
In this video and accompanying technical sheet, Dr. Hervé Walti, a pediatrician at the Jérôme Lejeune Institute, tells you more about dysregulation of the inflammatory and immune response, which modulates the prevalence and severity of respiratory infections in patients with trisomy 21. He also describes the various currently recommended prevention methods, as well as those that should be the subject of a research agenda.
- Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Mauger DT, Boehmer S, Beigelman A, Fitzpatrick AM, Jackson DJ, Baxi SN, Benson M, Burnham CD, Cabana M, Castro M, Chmiel JF, Covar R, Daines M, Gaffin JM, Gentile DA, Holguin F, Israel E, Kelly HW, Lazarus SC, Lemanske RF Jr, Ly N, Meade K, Morgan W, Moy J, Olin T, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Pongracic JA, Raissy HH, Ross K, Sheehan WJ, Sorkness C, Szefler SJ, Teague WG, Thyne S, Martinez FD. Early Administration of Azithromycin and Prevention of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Preschool Children With a History of Such Illnesses: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Nov 17;314(19):2034-2044. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.13896. Erratum in: JAMA. 2016 Jan 12;315(2):204. Erratum in: JAMA. 2016 Jan 26;315(4):419. PMID: 26575060; PMCID: PMC4757487.
- Calendrier vaccinal Français : Vaccination | Société Française de Pédiatrie (sfpediatrie.com) accès le 22 janvier 2022
- Calendrier Vaccinal New Zélande : Ministry of Health. 2020. Immunisation Handbook 2020. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Immunisation Handbook 2020 | Ministry of Health NZ (accès le 22 Janvier 2022)
- Esposito S, Jones MH, Feleszko W, Martell JAO, Falup-Pecurariu O, Geppe N, Martinón-Torres F, Shen KL, Roth M, Principi N. Prevention of New Respiratory Episodes in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: An Expert Consensus Statement. Microorganisms. 2020 Nov 17;8(11):1810. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8111810. PMID: 33213053; PMCID: PMC7698530.
- Jankauskaite L, Oostenbrink R. Childhood lower respiratory tract infections: more evidence to do less. Lancet. 2021 Oct 16;398(10309):1383-1384. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01955-3. Epub 2021 Sep 22. PMID: 34562390.
- Koatz AM, Coe NA, Cicerán A, Alter AJ. Clinical and Immunological Benefits of OM-85 Bacterial Lysate in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and COPD and Recurrent Respiratory Infections. Lung. 2016 Aug;194(4):687-97. doi: 10.1007/s00408-016-9880-5. Epub 2016 Apr 27. PMID: 27117798; PMCID: PMC7087659.
- La Mantia I, Grillo C, Mattina T, Zaccone P, Xiang M, Di Mauro M, Meroni PL, Nicoletti F. Prophylaxis with the novel immunomodulator pidotimod reduces the frequency and severity of upper respiratory tract infections in children with Down’s syndrome. J Chemother. 1999 Apr;11(2):126-30. doi: 10.1179/joc.1999.11.2.126. PMID: 10326743.
- Lassi ZS, Moin A, Bhutta ZA. Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 4;12(12):CD005978. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005978.pub3. PMID: 27915460; PMCID: PMC6463931.
- Licastro F, Chiricolo M, Mocchegiani E, Fabris N, Zannoti M, Beltrandi E, Mancini R, Parente R, Arena G, Masi M. Oral zinc supplementation in Down’s syndrome subjects decreased infections and normalized some humoral and cellular immune parameters. J Intellect Disabil Res. 1994 Apr;38 ( Pt 2):149-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1994.tb00370.x. PMID: 8193451.
- Little P, Francis NA, Stuart B, O’Reilly G, Thompson N, Becque T, Hay AD, Wang K, Sharland M, Harnden A, Yao G, Raftery J, Zhu S, Little J, Hookham C, Rowley K, Euden J, Harman K, Coenen S, Read RC, Woods C, Butler CC, Faust SN, Leydon G, Wan M, Hood K, Whitehurst J, Richards-Hall S, Smith P, Thomas M, Moore M, Verheij T. Antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection in children presenting in primary care in England (ARTIC PC): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021 Oct 16;398(10309):1417-1426. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01431-8. Epub 2021 Sep 22. PMID: 34562391; PMCID: PMC8542731.
- Lockitch G, Puterman M, Godolphin W, Sheps S, Tingle AJ, Quigley G. Infection and immunity in Down syndrome: a trial of long-term low oral doses of zinc. J Pediatr. 1989 May;114(5):781-7. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80136-2. PMID: 2523965.
- Luna MS, Manzoni P, Paes B, Baraldi E, Cossey V, Kugelman A, Chawla R, Dotta A, Rodríguez Fernández R, Resch B, Carbonell-Estrany X. Expert consensus on palivizumab use for respiratory syncytial virus in developed countries. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020 Feb;33:35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.12.001. Epub 2018 Dec 18. PMID: 31060948.
- Manikam L, Lakhanpaul M, Schilder AGM, Littlejohns P, Cupp MA, Alexander EC, Hayward A. Effect of antibiotics in preventing hospitalizations from respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021 Jan;56(1):171-178. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25100. Epub 2020 Oct 13. PMID: 32997386.
- Manikam L, Schilder AGM, Lakhanpaul M, Littlejohns P, Alexander EC, Hayward A. Respiratory tract infection-related healthcare utilisation in children with Down’s syndrome. Infection. 2020 Jun;48(3):403-410. doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01408-5. Epub 2020 Mar 14. Erratum in: Infection. 2020 Apr 27;: PMID: 32172511; PMCID: PMC7095390.
- Martinez-Estevez NS, Alvarez-Guevara AN, Rodriguez-Martinez CE. Effects of zinc supplementation in the prevention of respiratory tract infections and diarrheal disease in Colombian children: A 12-month randomised controlled trial. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016 Jul-Aug;44(4):368-75. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.12.006. Epub 2016 May 30. PMID: 27255474.
- Meydani SN, Barnett JB, Dallal GE, Fine BC, Jacques PF, Leka LS, Hamer DH. Serum zinc and pneumonia in nursing home elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):1167-73. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1167. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):1071. PMID: 17921398; PMCID: PMC2323679.
- Niu H, Wang R, Jia YT, Cai Y. Pidotimod, an immunostimulant in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Feb;67:35-45. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.043. Epub 2018 Dec 7. PMID: 30530167.
- Petersen I, Johnson AM, Islam A, Duckworth G, Livermore DM, Hayward AC. Protective effect of antibiotics against serious complications of common respiratory tract infections: retrospective cohort study with the UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ. 2007 Nov 10;335(7627):982. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39345.405243.BE. Epub 2007 Oct 18. PMID: 17947744; PMCID: PMC2072032.
- Pittet LF, Posfay-Barbe KM. Vaccination of immune compromised children-an overview for physicians. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Jul;180(7):2035-2047. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-03997-1. Epub 2021 Mar 5. PMID: 33665677; PMCID: PMC8195953.
- Puggioni, F., Alves-Correia, M., Mohamed, MF. et al.Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod. Multidiscip Respir Med 14, 31 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-019-0195-2
- Redmond NM, Turnbull S, Stuart B, Thornton HV, Christensen H, Blair PS, Delaney BC, Thompson M, Peters TJ, Hay AD, Little P. Impact of antibiotics for children presenting to general practice with cough on adverse outcomes: secondary analysis from a multicentre prospective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract. 2018 Oct;68(675):e682-e693. doi: 10.3399/bjgp18X698873. Epub 2018 Sep 10. Erratum in: Br J Gen Pract. 2019 Jan;69(678):14. PMID: 30201827; PMCID: PMC6145994.
- Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Pediatr Rep. 2019 May 23;11(2):7954. doi: 10.4081/pr.2019.7954. PMID: 31214301; PMCID: PMC6548996.
- Roth DE, Richard SA, Black RE. Zinc supplementation for the prevention of acute lower respiratory infection in children in developing countries: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials. Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Jun;39(3):795-808. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp391. Epub 2010 Feb 15. PMID: 20156999.
- Saghazadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Dehghani Ashkezari A, Oliaie Rezaie N, Rezaei N. Systematic review and meta-analysis shows a specific micronutrient profile in people with Down Syndrome: Lower blood calcium, selenium and zinc, higher red blood cell copper and zinc, and higher salivary calcium and sodium. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 19;12(4):e0175437. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175437. PMID: 28422987; PMCID: PMC5396920.
- Shah UH, Abu-Shaheen AK, Malik MA, Alam S, Riaz M, Al-Tannir MA. The efficacy of zinc supplementation in young children with acute lower respiratory infections: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;32(2):193-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.018. Epub 2012 Aug 31. PMID: 22981241.
- Spaul SW, Hudson R, Harvey C, Macdonald H, Perez J. Exclusion criterion: learning disability. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):e29. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30051-9. PMID: 32061300.
- Takeuchi M, Kawakami K. Universal palivizumab prophylaxis for children with Down syndrome in Japan: analysis with interrupted time-series. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Apr 3;17(4):1235-1238. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1809265. Epub 2020 Sep 22. PMID: 32961094; PMCID: PMC8018498.
- Trisomy 21 Research Society COVID 19 initiative (T21RS) : https://www.t21rs.org/t21rs-initiatives-on-covid-19/ accès le 24 Janvier 2022
- Valentini D, Di Camillo C, Mirante N, Marcellini V, Carsetti R, Villani A. Effects of Pidotimod on recurrent respiratory infections in children with Down syndrome: a retrospective Italian study. Ital J Pediatr. 2020 Mar 13;46(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-0797-5. PMID: 32164747; PMCID: PMC7068926.
- Wessels I, Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 25;9(12):1286. doi: 10.3390/nu9121286. PMID: 29186856; PMCID: PMC5748737.
- Wessels I, Rolles B, Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020 Jul 10;11:1712. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712. PMID: 32754164; PMCID: PMC7365891.
- Yin J, Xu B, Zeng X, Shen K. Broncho-Vaxom in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Jan;54:198-209. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.032. Epub 2017 Nov 16. PMID: 29154122.