{"id":6041,"date":"2023-12-21T12:11:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-21T11:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/?p=6041"},"modified":"2024-01-05T17:55:27","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T16:55:27","slug":"depression-t21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/depression-t21\/","title":{"rendered":"Depression"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6041\" class=\"elementor elementor-6041\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bcd2501 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bcd2501\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d33776\" data-id=\"3d33776\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739d8ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"739d8ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>PSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3e818e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3e818e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Depression<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c524a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"94c524a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4166f5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4166f5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a2f6aac\" data-id=\"a2f6aac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68055fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"68055fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"932\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/depression.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5935\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/depression.jpeg 932w, https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/depression-300x184.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/depression-768x471.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 932px) 100vw, 932px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a45ba83\" data-id=\"a45ba83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-932f368 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"932f368\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1541\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1541\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">CHAPTER OUTLINE<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1541\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1541\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/behavorial-functioning-t21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1- Behavorial Functioning<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/autistic-spectrum-disorder-t21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2- Autistic Spectrum\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/autistic-spectrum-disorder-t21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Disorder<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/adhd-t21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3- ADHD<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/depression-t21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4- Depression<\/a><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/regression-catatonia-t21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5- Regression and Catatonia<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/schizophrenia-psychotic-disorders-t21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6- Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/ocd-related-disorders-t21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7- OCD and Related Disorders<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da3cd7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"da3cd7c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18c48beb\" data-id=\"18c48beb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b33d20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6b33d20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3acff4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3acff4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With psychiatrist Dr. Laura Cretu, Dr. Herv\u00e9 Walti, pediatrician at the Institut J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lejeune, talks to us in this video and the accompanying fact sheet about depression in people with Down&#8217;s syndrome.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Discover the entire &#8220;Psychiatric Manifestations&#8221; chapter by clicking on &#8220;Chapter outline&#8221; to the right of the image at the top of the page.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-985d68f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"985d68f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed6e280 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"ed6e280\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/NuIanTpiaDs&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d879305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d879305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0594797 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0594797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/4.4-Depression-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Dowload the summary sheet<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d289a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2d289a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09d9e5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09d9e5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Discover below the presentation associated with this video.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-057dae3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"057dae3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-67fc6d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67fc6d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-adc6cf2\" data-id=\"adc6cf2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2192a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"f2192a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"_df_book df-lite\" id=\"df_6043\"  _slug=\"4-4-depression\" data-title=\"4-4-depression\" wpoptions=\"true\" thumbtype=\"\" ><\/div><script class=\"df-shortcode-script\" nowprocket type=\"application\/javascript\">window.option_df_6043 = {\"outline\":[],\"autoEnableOutline\":\"false\",\"autoEnableThumbnail\":\"false\",\"overwritePDFOutline\":\"false\",\"direction\":\"1\",\"pageSize\":\"0\",\"source\":\"https:\\\/\\\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/4.4-PDF-Depression-EN.pdf\",\"wpOptions\":\"true\"}; if(window.DFLIP && window.DFLIP.parseBooks){window.DFLIP.parseBooks();}<\/script>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e0f511 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4e0f511\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f625a75 elementor-align-justify btn-refs elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f625a75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See references<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b720bb6 div-refs div-refs-closed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b720bb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-33c594e\" data-id=\"33c594e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87397c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87397c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Ailey, S. H., Miller, A. M., Heller, T., &amp; Smith, E. V., Jr. Evaluating an Interpersonal Model of Depression among adults with Down syndrome. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 2006; 20, 229\u2013246.<\/li><li>Anthonio G, Malik F, Ghomeshi A, Lopez O, Gralnik L. Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy, Developmental Regression, Depression and Catatonia in an Adolescent With Down Syndrome: A Case Report. Cureus. 2022 Nov 26;14(11).<\/li><li>Aylward, E. H., Li, Q., Honeycutt, N. A., Warren, A. C., Pulsifer, M. B., Barta, P. E., et al. MRI volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala in adults with Down\u2019s syndrome with and without dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1999 ; 156, 564\u2013568.<\/li><li>Byrne, C., &amp; Seyfort, B. Complications in the diagnosis and treatment of depression in persons with Down syndrome. The NADD Bulletin, 1998; 1, 103\u2013106.<\/li><li>Capone GT, Aidikoff JM, Taylor K, Natalie Rykiel N. Adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome presenting to a medical clinic with depression: Co-morbid obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Med Genet Part A 2013 ; 161A:2188\u20132196.<\/li><li>Chang C-H, Chen S-J, Liu C-Y. Pediatric sleep apnea and depressive disorders risk: A population-based 15-year retrospective cohort study. 2017; PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181430.<\/li><li>Collacott, R. A., &amp; Cooper, S. A.. Adaptive behavior after depressive illness in Down\u2019s syndrome. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1992 ; 180, 468\u2013470.<\/li><li>Cooper, S. A., &amp; Collacott, R. A. Prognosis of depression in Down\u2019s syndrome. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1993; 181, 204\u2013205.<\/li><li>Cooper, S. A., &amp; Collacott, R. A. Clinical features and diagnostic criteria of depression in Down\u2019s syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1994; 165, 399\u2013403<\/li><li>Dykens EM, Shah B, Davis B, Baker C, Fife T, Fitzpatrick J. Psychiatric disorders in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities. J Neurodev Disord. 2015;7(1):9.<\/li><li>Fletcher RJ, Barnhill J, Cooper S DM-ID-2 : Diagnostic manual, intellectual disability : a textbook of diagnosis of mental disorders in persons with intellectual disability. NADD Publication,\u00a0 2016.<\/li><li>Gensheimer, P.M., Meighen, K.G. &amp; McDougle, C.J. ECT in an Adolescent with Down Syndrome and Treatment-Refractory Major Depressive Disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 2002; 14, 291\u2013295.<\/li><li>Hurley A. Two Cases of Suicide Attempt by Patients With Down&#8217;s Syndrome. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.). 1998; 49. 1618-9. 10.1176\/ps.49.12.1618.<\/li><li>Joffe, R. T. Is the thyroid still important in major depression? Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 2006; 31, 367\u2013368.<\/li><li>Lindsay, W. R., Howells, L., &amp; Pitcaithly, D. Cognitive therapy for depression with individuals with intellectual disabilities. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1993; 66, 135\u2013141.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d30cbd\" data-id=\"5d30cbd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bef89ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bef89ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Ludi E, Ballard ED, Greenbaum R, Pao M, Bridge J, Reynolds W, Horowitz L. Suicide risk in youth with intellectual disabilities: the challenges of screening. 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Intellectual disabilities, depressive episode, diagnostic criteria and Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities\/Mental Retardation (DC-LD). Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2003; 47, 62\u201371<\/li><li>Startin CM, D&#8217;Souza H, Ball G, Hamburg S, Hithersay R, Hughes KMO, Massand E, Karmiloff-Smith A, Thomas MSC; LonDownS Consortium; Strydom A. Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome. J Neurodev Disord. 2020 Jan 23;12(1):4<\/li><li>Thom RP, Palumbo ML, Thompson C, McDougle CJ, Ravichandran CT. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for the Treatment of Depression in Adults with Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Retrospective Chart Review Study. Brain Sci. 2021 Sep 15;11(9):1216.<\/li><li>Whittle, N., Sartori, S. B., Dierssen, M., Lubec, G., &amp; Singewald, N. Fetal Down syndrome brains exhibit aberrant levels of neurotransmitters critical for normal brain development. Pediatrics, 2007 ; 120, e1465\u2013e1471.<\/li><li>Willner, P. The effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for people with learning disabilities: A critical overview. 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