{"id":2064,"date":"2022-07-22T17:29:10","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T15:29:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/?p=2064"},"modified":"2023-11-22T17:25:55","modified_gmt":"2023-11-22T16:25:55","slug":"preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/","title":{"rendered":"Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2064\" class=\"elementor elementor-2064\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c23faa3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c23faa3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-630792a\" data-id=\"630792a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3293014 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3293014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29977f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29977f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections\n(RTIs)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8020bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8020bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-469323f\" data-id=\"469323f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb356f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dcb356f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"932\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2067\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires.jpeg 932w, https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires-300x184.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires-768x471.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 932px) 100vw, 932px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0406405\" data-id=\"0406405\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4d0306 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"b4d0306\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1891\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">CHAPTER OUTLINE<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1891\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1891\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/general-overview-of-respiratory-pathologies-in-trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1- General overview<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-respiratory-pathologies-of-the-upper-airways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3- Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/infectious-respiratory-pathologies-of-the-upper-airways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4- Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/lower-respiratory-tract-infections-in-individuals-with-trisomy-21\/\">5- Lower respiratory tract infections<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6- Preventing respiratory tract infections<\/a><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/obstructive-sleep-apnea-syndrome-osas\/\">7- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/central-sleep-apnea-alveolar-hypoventilation-and-hypoxemia\/\">8- Central Sleep Apnea, Alveolar Hypoventilation, and Hypoxemia<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/pulmonary-hemosiderosis-and-mucoviscidosis\/\">9- Pulmonary Hemosiderosis and Mucoviscidosis<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-122386f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"122386f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ad00be\" data-id=\"8ad00be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c47a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8c47a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The prevention of respiratory infections in patients with trisomy 21 to reduce their morbidity and mortality is a priority!<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In this video and accompanying technical sheet, Dr. Herv\u00e9 Walti, a pediatrician at the J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lejeune Institute, tells you more about dysregulation of the inflammatory and immune response, which modulates the prevalence and severity of respiratory infections in patients with trisomy 21. He also describes the various currently recommended prevention methods, as well as those that should be the subject of a research agenda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f16d585 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f16d585\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3905d11\" data-id=\"3905d11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7143697 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"7143697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/A0Rpu6l2oi4&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3291b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b3291b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7abe8a8\" data-id=\"7abe8a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afe1e3 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5afe1e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.6-Preventing-Respiratory-Tract-Infections-RTIs-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download the Summary Sheet<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f1345b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1f1345b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-111513b elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"111513b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"_df_book df-lite\" id=\"df_3141\"  _slug=\"2-6-prevention-infections-respiratoires_eng\" data-title=\"2-6-prevention-infections-respiratoires_eng\" wpoptions=\"true\" thumbtype=\"\" ><\/div><script class=\"df-shortcode-script\" nowprocket type=\"application\/javascript\">window.option_df_3141 = {\"outline\":[],\"autoEnableOutline\":\"false\",\"autoEnableThumbnail\":\"false\",\"overwritePDFOutline\":\"false\",\"direction\":\"1\",\"pageSize\":\"0\",\"source\":\"https:\\\/\\\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/07\\\/6.PREVENTION-INFECTIONS-RESPIRATOIRES_ENG.pdf\",\"wpOptions\":\"true\"}; if(window.DFLIP && window.DFLIP.parseBooks){window.DFLIP.parseBooks();}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adf0323 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"adf0323\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca5f3b4 elementor-align-justify btn-refs elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ca5f3b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See references<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e76a4a7 div-refs div-refs-closed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e76a4a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0485505\" data-id=\"0485505\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5c68e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5c68e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Bacharier LB, Guilbert TW, Mauger DT, Boehmer S, Beigelman A, Fitzpatrick AM, Jackson DJ, Baxi SN, Benson M, Burnham CD, Cabana M, Castro M, Chmiel JF, Covar R, Daines M, Gaffin JM, Gentile DA, Holguin F, Israel E, Kelly HW, Lazarus SC, Lemanske RF Jr, Ly N, Meade K, Morgan W, Moy J, Olin T, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Pongracic JA, Raissy HH, Ross K, Sheehan WJ, Sorkness C, Szefler SJ, Teague WG, Thyne S, Martinez FD. Early Administration of Azithromycin and Prevention of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Preschool Children With a History of Such Illnesses: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Nov 17;314(19):2034-2044. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2015.13896. Erratum in: JAMA. 2016 Jan 12;315(2):204. Erratum in: JAMA. 2016 Jan 26;315(4):419. PMID: 26575060; PMCID: PMC4757487.<\/li><li>Calendrier vaccinal Fran\u00e7ais : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfpediatrie.com\/ressources\/vaccination\">Vaccination | Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de P\u00e9diatrie (sfpediatrie.com)<\/a> acc\u00e8s le 22 janvier 2022<\/li><li>Calendrier Vaccinal New Z\u00e9lande : Ministry of Health. 2020. <em>Immunisation Handbook 2020<\/em>. Wellington: Ministry of Health. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/publication\/immunisation-handbook-2020\">Immunisation<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/publication\/immunisation-handbook-2020\"> Handbook 2020 | Ministry of Health NZ<\/a> (acc\u00e8s le 22 Janvier 2022)<\/li><li>Esposito S, Jones MH, Feleszko W, Martell JAO, Falup-Pecurariu O, Geppe N, Martin\u00f3n-Torres F, Shen KL, Roth M, Principi N. Prevention of New Respiratory Episodes in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: An Expert Consensus Statement. Microorganisms. 2020 Nov 17;8(11):1810. doi: 10.3390\/microorganisms8111810. PMID: 33213053; PMCID: PMC7698530.<\/li><li>Jankauskaite L, Oostenbrink R. Childhood lower respiratory tract infections: more evidence to do less. Lancet. 2021 Oct 16;398(10309):1383-1384. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01955-3. Epub 2021 Sep 22. PMID: 34562390.<\/li><li>Koatz AM, Coe NA, Cicer\u00e1n A, Alter AJ. Clinical and Immunological Benefits of OM-85 Bacterial Lysate in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and COPD and Recurrent Respiratory Infections. Lung. 2016 Aug;194(4):687-97. doi: 10.1007\/s00408-016-9880-5. Epub 2016 Apr 27. PMID: 27117798; PMCID: PMC7087659.<\/li><li>La Mantia I, Grillo C, Mattina T, Zaccone P, Xiang M, Di Mauro M, Meroni PL, Nicoletti F. Prophylaxis with the novel immunomodulator pidotimod reduces the frequency and severity of upper respiratory tract infections in children with Down&#8217;s syndrome. J Chemother. 1999 Apr;11(2):126-30. doi: 10.1179\/joc.1999.11.2.126. PMID: 10326743.<\/li><li>Lassi ZS, Moin A, Bhutta ZA. Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 4;12(12):CD005978. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD005978.pub3. PMID: 27915460; PMCID: PMC6463931.<\/li><li>Licastro F, Chiricolo M, Mocchegiani E, Fabris N, Zannoti M, Beltrandi E, Mancini R, Parente R, Arena G, Masi M. Oral zinc supplementation in Down&#8217;s syndrome subjects decreased infections and normalized some humoral and cellular immune parameters. J Intellect Disabil Res. 1994 Apr;38 ( Pt 2):149-62. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1994.tb00370.x. PMID: 8193451.<\/li><li>Little P, Francis NA, Stuart B, O&#8217;Reilly G, Thompson N, Becque T, Hay AD, Wang K, Sharland M, Harnden A, Yao G, Raftery J, Zhu S, Little J, Hookham C, Rowley K, Euden J, Harman K, Coenen S, Read RC, Woods C, Butler CC, Faust SN, Leydon G, Wan M, Hood K, Whitehurst J, Richards-Hall S, Smith P, Thomas M, Moore M, Verheij T. Antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection in children presenting in primary care in England (ARTIC PC): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021 Oct 16;398(10309):1417-1426. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01431-8. Epub 2021 Sep 22. PMID: 34562391; PMCID: PMC8542731.<\/li><li>Lockitch G, Puterman M, Godolphin W, Sheps S, Tingle AJ, Quigley G. Infection and immunity in Down syndrome: a trial of long-term low oral doses of zinc. J Pediatr. 1989 May;114(5):781-7. doi: 10.1016\/s0022-3476(89)80136-2. PMID: 2523965.<\/li><li>Luna MS, Manzoni P, Paes B, Baraldi E, Cossey V, Kugelman A, Chawla R, Dotta A, Rodr\u00edguez Fern\u00e1ndez R, Resch B, Carbonell-Estrany X. Expert consensus on palivizumab use for respiratory syncytial virus in developed countries. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020 Feb;33:35-44. doi: 10.1016\/j.prrv.2018.12.001. Epub 2018 Dec 18. PMID: 31060948.<\/li><li>Manikam L, Lakhanpaul M, Schilder AGM, Littlejohns P, Cupp MA, Alexander EC, Hayward A. Effect of antibiotics in preventing hospitalizations from respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021 Jan;56(1):171-178. doi: 10.1002\/ppul.25100. Epub 2020 Oct 13. PMID: 32997386.<\/li><li>Manikam L, Schilder AGM, Lakhanpaul M, Littlejohns P, Alexander EC, Hayward A. Respiratory tract infection-related healthcare utilisation in children with Down&#8217;s syndrome. Infection. 2020 Jun;48(3):403-410. doi: 10.1007\/s15010-020-01408-5. Epub 2020 Mar 14. Erratum in: Infection. 2020 Apr 27;: PMID: 32172511; PMCID: PMC7095390.<\/li><li>Martinez-Estevez NS, Alvarez-Guevara AN, Rodriguez-Martinez CE. Effects of zinc supplementation in the prevention of respiratory tract infections and diarrheal disease in Colombian children: A 12-month randomised controlled trial. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016 Jul-Aug;44(4):368-75. doi: 10.1016\/j.aller.2015.12.006. Epub 2016 May 30. PMID: 27255474.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c43dff\" data-id=\"2c43dff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2358cdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2358cdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Meydani SN, Barnett JB, Dallal GE, Fine BC, Jacques PF, Leka LS, Hamer DH. Serum zinc and pneumonia in nursing home elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):1167-73. doi: 10.1093\/ajcn\/86.4.1167. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):1071. PMID: 17921398; PMCID: PMC2323679.<\/li><li>Niu H, Wang R, Jia YT, Cai Y. Pidotimod, an immunostimulant in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Feb;67:35-45. doi: 10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.11.043. Epub 2018 Dec 7. PMID: 30530167.<\/li><li>Petersen I, Johnson AM, Islam A, Duckworth G, Livermore DM, Hayward AC. Protective effect of antibiotics against serious complications of common respiratory tract infections: retrospective cohort study with the UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ. 2007 Nov 10;335(7627):982. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.39345.405243.BE. Epub 2007 Oct 18. PMID: 17947744; PMCID: PMC2072032.<\/li><li>Pittet LF, Posfay-Barbe KM. Vaccination of immune compromised children-an overview for physicians. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Jul;180(7):2035-2047. doi: 10.1007\/s00431-021-03997-1. Epub 2021 Mar 5. PMID: 33665677; PMCID: PMC8195953.<\/li><li>Puggioni, F., Alves-Correia, M., Mohamed, MF.\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod.\u00a0<em>Multidiscip Respir Med<\/em>\u00a0<strong>14,\u00a0<\/strong>31 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40248-019-0195-2<\/li><li>Redmond NM, Turnbull S, Stuart B, Thornton HV, Christensen H, Blair PS, Delaney BC, Thompson M, Peters TJ, Hay AD, Little P. Impact of antibiotics for children presenting to general practice with cough on adverse outcomes: secondary analysis from a multicentre prospective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract. 2018 Oct;68(675):e682-e693. doi: 10.3399\/bjgp18X698873. Epub 2018 Sep 10. Erratum in: Br J Gen Pract. 2019 Jan;69(678):14. PMID: 30201827; PMCID: PMC6145994.<\/li><li>Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Pediatr Rep. 2019 May 23;11(2):7954. doi: 10.4081\/pr.2019.7954. PMID: 31214301; PMCID: PMC6548996.<\/li><li>Roth DE, Richard SA, Black RE. Zinc supplementation for the prevention of acute lower respiratory infection in children in developing countries: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials. Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Jun;39(3):795-808. doi: 10.1093\/ije\/dyp391. Epub 2010 Feb 15. PMID: 20156999.<\/li><li>Saghazadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Dehghani Ashkezari A, Oliaie Rezaie N, Rezaei N. Systematic review and meta-analysis shows a specific micronutrient profile in people with Down Syndrome: Lower blood calcium, selenium and zinc, higher red blood cell copper and zinc, and higher salivary calcium and sodium. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 19;12(4):e0175437. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0175437. PMID: 28422987; PMCID: PMC5396920.<\/li><li>Shah UH, Abu-Shaheen AK, Malik MA, Alam S, Riaz M, Al-Tannir MA. The efficacy of zinc supplementation in young children with acute lower respiratory infections: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;32(2):193-9. doi: 10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.08.018. Epub 2012 Aug 31. PMID: 22981241.<\/li><li>Spaul SW, Hudson R, Harvey C, Macdonald H, Perez J. Exclusion criterion: learning disability. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):e29. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30051-9. PMID: 32061300.<\/li><li>Takeuchi M, Kawakami K. Universal palivizumab prophylaxis for children with Down syndrome in Japan: analysis with interrupted time-series. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Apr 3;17(4):1235-1238. doi: 10.1080\/21645515.2020.1809265. Epub 2020 Sep 22. PMID: 32961094; PMCID: PMC8018498.<\/li><li>Trisomy 21 Research Society COVID 19 initiative (T21RS) : <strong>https:\/\/www.t21rs.org\/t21rs-initiatives-on-covid-19\/ <\/strong>acc\u00e8s\u00a0 le 24 Janvier 2022<\/li><li>Valentini D, Di Camillo C, Mirante N, Marcellini V, Carsetti R, Villani A. Effects of Pidotimod on recurrent respiratory infections in children with Down syndrome: a retrospective Italian study. Ital J Pediatr. 2020 Mar 13;46(1):31. doi: 10.1186\/s13052-020-0797-5. PMID: 32164747; PMCID: PMC7068926.<\/li><li>Wessels I, Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 25;9(12):1286. doi: 10.3390\/nu9121286. PMID: 29186856; PMCID: PMC5748737.<\/li><li>Wessels I, Rolles B, Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020 Jul 10;11:1712. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01712. PMID: 32754164; PMCID: PMC7365891.<\/li><li>Yin J, Xu B, Zeng X, Shen K. Broncho-Vaxom in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Jan;54:198-209. doi: 10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.10.032. Epub 2017 Nov 16. PMID: 29154122.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b030777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b030777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n    jQuery(\".btn-refs\").on(\"click\", function(e){\n        e.preventDefault()\n        jQuery(\".div-refs\").toggleClass(\"div-refs-closed\")\n    })\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\nbody:not(.elementor-editor-active) .div-refs{\n    transition: 0.3s;\n    max-height: none;\n    \/*max-height: 1000px;*\/\n}\n    body:not(.elementor-editor-active) .div-refs-closed{\n        max-height: 0;\n        overflow: hidden !important;\n    }\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview \u00a0 2- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways \u00a0 3- Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways \u00a0 4- Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways \u00a0 5- Lower respiratory tract infections \u00a0 6- Preventing respiratory tract infections \u00a0 7- Obstructive [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":2067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"thematique":[48],"type_contenu":[55],"class_list":["post-2064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medecin","thematique-medical-and-paramedical","type_contenu-video-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) - t21learning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) - t21learning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"t21learning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/institutlejeune\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-22T15:29:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-22T16:25:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"932\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"572\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Clotilde\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Clotilde\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) - t21learning","description":"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) - t21learning","og_description":"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of","og_url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/","og_site_name":"t21learning","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/institutlejeune","article_published_time":"2022-07-22T15:29:10+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-11-22T16:25:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":932,"height":572,"url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Clotilde","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Clotilde","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/"},"author":{"name":"Clotilde","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/6e7e4ac2afcbc44ac9a5023ccda1523d"},"headline":"Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)","datePublished":"2022-07-22T15:29:10+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-22T16:25:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/"},"wordCount":1447,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires.jpeg","articleSection":["M\u00e9decin"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/","name":"Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) - t21learning","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires.jpeg","datePublished":"2022-07-22T15:29:10+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-22T16:25:55+00:00","description":"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Prevention_infections_voies_respiratoires.jpeg","width":932,"height":572},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/","name":"t21learning","description":"Le centre de ressources en ligne de l&#039;Institut J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lejeune","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#organization","name":"t21learning","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/t21learning_R.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/t21learning_R.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"t21learning"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/institutlejeune"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/6e7e4ac2afcbc44ac9a5023ccda1523d","name":"Clotilde","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3307cbfcf7d5623221a54641cb856945193597ac5287d1a6efd52f4ac7ab8a50?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3307cbfcf7d5623221a54641cb856945193597ac5287d1a6efd52f4ac7ab8a50?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3307cbfcf7d5623221a54641cb856945193597ac5287d1a6efd52f4ac7ab8a50?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Clotilde"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2064"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5697,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2064\/revisions\/5697"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2064"},{"taxonomy":"thematique","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/thematique?post=2064"},{"taxonomy":"type_contenu","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type_contenu?post=2064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}