{"id":1997,"date":"2022-07-22T15:49:51","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T13:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/?p=1997"},"modified":"2023-11-22T17:24:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-22T16:24:13","slug":"non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/","title":{"rendered":"Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1997\" class=\"elementor elementor-1997\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad40ed8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad40ed8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bac5e3b\" data-id=\"bac5e3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a219bcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a219bcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29977f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29977f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3386055 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3386055\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b8b817b\" data-id=\"b8b817b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb356f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dcb356f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"932\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2014\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI.jpeg 932w, https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI-300x184.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI-768x471.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 932px) 100vw, 932px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e78630\" data-id=\"8e78630\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-276caa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"276caa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4131\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4131\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">CHAPTER OUTLINE<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4131\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4131\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/general-overview-of-respiratory-pathologies-in-trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1- General overview<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-respiratory-pathologies-of-the-upper-airways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3- Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lowe<\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r Airways<\/a><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/infectious-respiratory-pathologies-of-the-upper-airways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4- Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/lower-respiratory-tract-infections-in-individuals-with-trisomy-21\/\">5- Lower respiratory tract infections<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/preventing-respiratory-tract-infections-rtis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6- Preventing respiratory tract infections<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/obstructive-sleep-apnea-syndrome-osas\/\">7- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/central-sleep-apnea-alveolar-hypoventilation-and-hypoxemia\/\">8- Central Sleep Apnea, Alveolar Hypoventilation, and Hypoxemia<\/a><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/pulmonary-hemosiderosis-and-mucoviscidosis\/\">9- Pulmonary Hemosiderosis and Mucoviscidosis<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-122386f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"122386f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ad00be\" data-id=\"8ad00be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c47a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8c47a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alveolar abnormalities of bronchial and pulmonary circulation and of the mucociliary apparatus are present from fetal life and are almost universal in patients with trisomy 21. Although the clinical expression of these abnormalities varies and is often asymptomatic, they are nevertheless a significant risk factor for developing pulmonary arterial hypertension or high-altitude related pulmonary edema. While bronchial abnormalities are rarer and often discovered by chance, they are also more frequent than in the neurotypical population. Lastly, you need to know that although wheezing episodes are frequent, they are not related to atopic asthma in most cases.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In the video and accompanying technical sheet, Dr. Herv\u00e9 Walti, a pediatrician at the J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lejeune Institute, tells you more.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f16d585 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f16d585\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3905d11\" data-id=\"3905d11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7143697 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"7143697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/Nz-GW71ONWk&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-572893d elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"572893d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.3-Non-Infectious-Pathologies-of-the-Lungs-and-Lower-Airways-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download the Summary Sheet<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-822a262 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"822a262\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-378c279\" data-id=\"378c279\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3cc51c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b3cc51c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9cb161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"b9cb161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"_df_book df-lite\" id=\"df_2980\"  _slug=\"2-3-non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways-eng\" data-title=\"2-3-non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways-eng\" wpoptions=\"true\" thumbtype=\"\" ><\/div><script class=\"df-shortcode-script\" nowprocket type=\"application\/javascript\">window.option_df_2980 = {\"outline\":[],\"autoEnableOutline\":\"false\",\"autoEnableThumbnail\":\"false\",\"overwritePDFOutline\":\"false\",\"direction\":\"1\",\"pageSize\":\"0\",\"source\":\"https:\\\/\\\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/07\\\/3.-Pathologies-non-infectieuses-du-poumon-et-des-voies-aeriennes-inferie_ENG.pdf\",\"wpOptions\":\"true\"}; if(window.DFLIP && window.DFLIP.parseBooks){window.DFLIP.parseBooks();}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5597173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5597173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa37084 elementor-align-justify btn-refs elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"aa37084\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See references<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1960a41 div-refs div-refs-closed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1960a41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab70103\" data-id=\"ab70103\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1a7b8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1a7b8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Bertrand P, Navarro H, Caussade S, Holmgren N, S\u00e1nchez I. Airway anomalies in children with Down syndrome: endoscopic findings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Aug;36(2):137-41. doi: 10.1002\/ppul.10332. PMID: 12833493.<\/li><li>Biko DM, Schwartz M, Anupindi SA, Altes TA. Subpleural lung cysts in Down syndrome: prevalence and association with coexisting diagnoses. Pediatr Radiol. 2008 Mar;38(3):280-4. doi: 10.1007\/s00247-007-0699-3. Epub 2007 Dec 20. PMID: 18097658.<\/li><li>Bloemers BL, van Furth AM, Weijerman ME, Gemke RJ, Broers CJ, Kimpen JL, Bont L. High incidence of recurrent wheeze in children with down syndrome with and without previous respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Jan;29(1):39-42. doi: 10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181b34e52. PMID: 19907362.<\/li><li>Bush D, Abman SH, Galambos C. Prominent Intrapulmonary Bronchopulmonary Anastomoses and Abnormal Lung Development in Infants and Children with Down Syndrome. J Pediatr. 2017 Jan;180:156-162.e1. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.08.063. Epub 2016 Sep 22. PMID: 27666181.<\/li><li>Bush D, Galambos C, Dunbar Ivy D. Pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021 Mar;56(3):621-629. doi: 10.1002\/ppul.24687. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PMID: 32049444.<\/li><li>Bush D, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Wagner BD, Galambos C, Ivy DD, Abman S, McMorrow D, Hickey F. EXPRESS: Angiogenic Profile Identifies Pulmonary Hypertension in Children with Down Syndrome. Pulm Circ. 2019 Jul 11;9(3):2045894019866549. doi: 10.1177\/2045894019866549. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31293212; PMCID: PMC6696852.<\/li><li>Coghlan Mk, Evans Pr. Infantile Eczema, Asthma And Hay Fever In Mongolism. Guys Hosp Rep. 1964;113:223-30. PMID: 14225128.<\/li><li>Cooney TP, Thurlbeck WM. Pulmonary hypoplasia in Down&#8217;s syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1982 Nov 4;307(19):1170-3. doi: 10.1056\/NEJM198211043071902. PMID: 6214715.<\/li><li>Cooney TP, Wentworth PJ, Thurlbeck WM. Diminished radial count is found only postnatally in Down&#8217;s syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1988;5(4):204-9. doi: 10.1002\/ppul.1950050405. PMID: 2976929.<\/li><li>Danopoulos S, Bhattacharya S, Deutsch G, Nih LR, Slaunwhite C, Mariani TJ, Al Alam D. Prenatal histological, cellular, and molecular anomalies in Trisomy 21 lung. J Pathol. 2021 May 29. doi: 10.1002\/path.5735. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34050678.<\/li><li>Deutsch GH, Young LR, Deterding RR, Fan LL, Dell SD, Bean JA, Brody AS, Nogee LM, Trapnell BC, Langston C; Pathology Cooperative Group, Albright EA, Askin FB, Baker P, Chou PM, Cool CM, Coventry SC, Cutz E, Davis MM, Dishop MK, Galambos C, Patterson K, Travis WD, Wert SE, White FV; ChILD Research Co-operative. Diffuse lung disease in young children: application of a novel classification scheme. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Dec 1;176(11):1120-8. doi: 10.1164\/rccm.200703-393OC. Epub 2007 Sep 20. PMID: 17885266; PMCID: PMC2176101.<\/li><li>Doolittle AM, Mair EA. Tracheal bronchus: classification, endoscopic analysis, and airway management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002 Mar;126(3):240-3. doi: 10.1067\/mhn.2002.122703. PMID: 11956531.<\/li><li>Durmowicz AG. Pulmonary edema in 6 children with Down syndrome during travel to moderate altitudes. Pediatrics. 2001 Aug;108(2):443-7. doi: 10.1542\/peds.108.2.443. PMID: 11483813.<\/li><li>Galambos C, Minic AD, Bush D, Nguyen D, Dodson B, Seedorf G, Abman SH. Increased Lung Expression of Anti-Angiogenic Factors in Down Syndrome: Potential Role in Abnormal Lung Vascular Growth and the Risk for Pulmonary Hypertension. PLoS One. 2016 Aug 3;11(8):e0159005. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0159005. PMID: 27487163; PMCID: PMC4972384.<\/li><li>George M, Amodio J, Lee H. Cystic Lung Disease in Down Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Pediatr. 2016;2016:4048501. doi: 10.1155\/2016\/4048501. Epub 2016 Oct 3. PMID: 27781131; PMCID: PMC5066005.<\/li><li>Goldacre MJ, Wotton CJ, Seagroatt V, Yeates D. Cancers and immune related diseases associated with Down&#8217;s syndrome: a record linkage study. Arch Dis Child. 2004 Nov;89(11):1014-7. doi: 10.1136\/adc.2003.046219. PMID: 15499053; PMCID: PMC1719725.<\/li><li>Gonzalez OR, Gomez IG, Recalde AL, Landing BH. Postnatal development of the cystic lung lesion of Down syndrome: suggestion that the cause is reduced formation of peripheral air spaces. Pediatr Pathol. 1991 Jul-Aug;11(4):623-33. doi: 10.3109\/15513819109064794. PMID: 1835001.<\/li><li>Joskova M, Mokry J, Franova S. Respiratory Cilia as a Therapeutic Target of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 6;11:609. doi: 10.3389\/fphar.2020.00609. PMID: 32435198; PMCID: PMC7218135.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8368fb9\" data-id=\"8368fb9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7788122 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7788122\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Kogiso H, Raveau M, Yamakawa K, Saito D, Ikeuchi Y, Okazaki T, Asano S, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Nakahari T. Airway Ciliary Beating Affected by the\u00a0<em>Pcp4<\/em>Dose-Dependent [Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>]<sub>i<\/sub>\u00a0Increase in Down Syndrome Mice, Ts1Rhr. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 12;21(6):1947. doi: 10.3390\/ijms21061947. PMID: 32178446; PMCID: PMC7139761.<\/li><li>Linabery AM, Li W, Roesler MA, Spector LG, Gamis AS, Olshan AF, Heerema NA, Ross JA. Immune-related conditions and acute leukemia in children with Down syndrome: a Children&#8217;s Oncology Group report. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Feb;24(2):454-8. doi: 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-1181. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25499068; PMCID: PMC4323733.<\/li><li>Mannan SE, Yousef E, Hossain J. Prevalence of positive skin prick test results in children with Down syndrome: a case-control study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009 Mar;102(3):205-9. doi: 10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60082-8. PMID: 19354066.<\/li><li>McDowell KM, Craven DI .Pulmonary complications of Down syndrome during childhood. J Pediatr. 2011; 158 (2): 319\u2013325.<\/li><li>N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Enr\u00edquez JC, Fajardo-Guti\u00e9rrez A, Buch\u00e1n-Dur\u00e1n EP, Bern\u00e1ldez-R\u00edos R, Medina-Sans\u00f3n A, Jim\u00e9nez-Hern\u00e1ndez E, Amador-Sanchez R, Pe\u00f1aloza-Gonzalez JG, Paredes-Aguilera R, Alvarez-Rodriguez FJ, Bolea-Murga V, de Diego Flores-Chapa J, Flores-Lujano J, Bekker-Mendez VC, Rivera-Luna R, Del Carmen Rodriguez-Zepeda M, Rangel-L\u00f3pez A, Dorantes-Acosta EM, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Villegas N, Velazquez-Avi\u00f1a MM, Torres-Nava JR, Reyes-Zepeda NC, C\u00e1rdenas-Cardos R, Flores-Villegas LV, Martinez-Avalos A, Salamanca-G\u00f3mez F, Gorodezky C, Arellano-Galindo J, Mej\u00eda-Arangur\u00e9 JM. Allergy and acute leukaemia in children with Down syndrome: a population study. Report from the Mexican inter-institutional group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer. 2013 Jun 11;108(11):2334-8. doi: 10.1038\/bjc.2013.237. Epub 2013 May 21. PMID: 23695017; PMCID: PMC3681010.<\/li><li>Piatti G, Allegra L, Ambrosetti U, De Santi MM. Nasal ciliary function and ultrastructure in Down syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2001 Jul;111(7):1227-30. doi: 10.1097\/00005537-200107000-00016. PMID: 11568545.<\/li><li>Ruchonnet-Metrailler I, Abou Taam R, de Blic J. Presence of tracheal bronchus in children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Respir Med. 2015 Jul;109(7):846-50. doi: 10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 20. PMID: 25933912.<\/li><li>Schloo BL, Vawter GF, Reid LM. Down syndrome: patterns of disturbed lung growth. Hum Pathol. 1991 Sep;22(9):919-23. doi: 10.1016\/0046-8177(91)90183-p. PMID: 1833304.<\/li><li>Shepard JO, Flores EJ, Abbott GF. Imaging of the trachea. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2018 Mar;7(2):197-209. doi: 10.21037\/acs.2018.03.09. PMID: 29707497; PMCID: PMC5900079.<\/li><li>Stanley MA, Shepherd N, Duvall N, Jenkinson SB, Jalou HE, Givan DC, Steele GH, Davis C, Bull MJ, Watkins DU, Roper RJ. Clinical identification of feeding and swallowing disorders in 0-6 month old infants with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2019 Feb;179(2):177-182. doi: 10.1002\/ajmg.a.11. Epub 2018 Dec 27. PMID: 30588741; PMCID: PMC6349541.<\/li><li>Weijerman ME, Brand PL, van Furth MA, Broers CJ, Gemke RJ. Recurrent wheeze in children with Down syndrome: is it asthma? Acta Paediatr. 2011 Nov;100(11):e194-7. doi: 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02367.x. Epub 2011 Jun 16. PMID: 21627689.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b01b728 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b01b728\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n    jQuery(\".btn-refs\").on(\"click\", function(e){\n        e.preventDefault()\n        jQuery(\".div-refs\").toggleClass(\"div-refs-closed\")\n    })\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\nbody:not(.elementor-editor-active) .div-refs{\n    transition: 0.3s;\n    max-height: 1000px;\n}\n    body:not(.elementor-editor-active) .div-refs-closed{\n        max-height: 0;\n        overflow: hidden !important;\n    }\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview \u00a0 2- Non-Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways \u00a0 3- Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways \u00a0 4- Infectious Respiratory Pathologies of the Upper Airways \u00a0 5- Lower respiratory tract infections \u00a0 6- Preventing respiratory tract infections [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":2014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"thematique":[48],"type_contenu":[55],"class_list":["post-1997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medecin","thematique-medical-and-paramedical","type_contenu-video-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways - t21learning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways - t21learning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"t21learning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/institutlejeune\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-22T13:49:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-22T16:24:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"932\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"572\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Clotilde\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Clotilde\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways - t21learning","description":"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways - t21learning","og_description":"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory","og_url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/","og_site_name":"t21learning","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/institutlejeune","article_published_time":"2022-07-22T13:49:51+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-11-22T16:24:13+00:00","og_image":[{"width":932,"height":572,"url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Clotilde","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Clotilde","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/"},"author":{"name":"Clotilde","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/6e7e4ac2afcbc44ac9a5023ccda1523d"},"headline":"Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways","datePublished":"2022-07-22T13:49:51+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-22T16:24:13+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/"},"wordCount":1223,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI.jpeg","articleSection":["M\u00e9decin"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/","name":"Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways - t21learning","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI.jpeg","datePublished":"2022-07-22T13:49:51+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-22T16:24:13+00:00","description":"RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways CHAPTER OUTLINE 1- General overview\u00a02- Non-Infectious Respiratory","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Pathologies_NI_poumon_VAI.jpeg","width":932,"height":572},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/non-infectious-pathologies-of-the-lungs-and-lower-airways\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Non-Infectious Pathologies of the Lungs and Lower Airways"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/","name":"t21learning","description":"Le centre de ressources en ligne de l&#039;Institut J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lejeune","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#organization","name":"t21learning","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/t21learning_R.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/t21learning_R.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"t21learning"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/institutlejeune"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/6e7e4ac2afcbc44ac9a5023ccda1523d","name":"Clotilde","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3307cbfcf7d5623221a54641cb856945193597ac5287d1a6efd52f4ac7ab8a50?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3307cbfcf7d5623221a54641cb856945193597ac5287d1a6efd52f4ac7ab8a50?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3307cbfcf7d5623221a54641cb856945193597ac5287d1a6efd52f4ac7ab8a50?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Clotilde"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1997"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1997\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5688,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1997\/revisions\/5688"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1997"},{"taxonomy":"thematique","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/thematique?post=1997"},{"taxonomy":"type_contenu","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/t21learning.institutlejeune.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type_contenu?post=1997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}